도청신도시 예천 351 : 고 고석림....고기영어

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  고 고석림 교수를 애도함(故 高奭林 敎授를 哀悼함) [學術저널] : 지보면 송평리 출신인 고석림(高奭林, 1935-1982, 慶北大 敎授)의 죽음을 애도한 김엽의 논문으로, 경북사학회(The Kyungpook Historical Association)에서 1982년에 발행한 <경북사학(The Kyungpook Historical Review)> Vol.4 No.1 11-12쪽(2쪽 分量)에 수록되어 있다. 소장된 대학 도서관은 경북대(중앙)이다.(keris 2006)

  고 고석림 교수를 애도함(故 高奭林(1935-1982, 知保面 松坪里 出身, 慶北大 敎授) 敎授를 哀悼함) [學術저널] : 김엽의 논문으로, 경북사학회에서 1982년에 발행한 책에 수록되어 있다.(daum 2009)

  고 고석림 교수 추도특집(故 高奭林(1935-1982, 知保面 松坪里 出身, 慶北大 敎授) 敎授 追悼特輯 : 論文 ; 癸巳 晋州城戰鬪 小考 =Special Issue in Commemoration of the Late Professor Sok-rim Ko : Articles ; On the Battle at Chin ju in 1593) [論文] : 박성식의 논문으로, 경북사학회에서 1982년에 발행한 <경북사학> 4권, 17-44쪽(28쪽 分量)에 수록되어 있다.(daum 2009)

  고고암　: →둥둥바우

  고곡　: →고실

  고곡현(古谷峴) [道路] : 호명면 원곡리(原谷里)에서 지보면(知保面)으로 넘어가는 고실고개에 있는 조선 시대에 불리어진 도로 이름으로, 옛 예천군(虎鳴面)과 용궁현(知保面)의 경계이다.(醴泉郡邑誌 1770 1895, 醴泉郡誌 1939)

  고곡현　: →고실고개[고개]

  고공품　: →예천군 고공품

  고괴(古槐), 활인정(活人亭) [터] : 용궁현 왕태리(龍宮縣旺泰里, 縣西十里, 現 聞慶市)에 있던 고목(古木)으로, 임진왜란(1592) 때 도사 고시항(都事高是恒)이 이 고목 아래에서 백성을 진휼(賑恤)하여 당시 사람들이 활인정(活人亭)이라고 하였다.(竺山勝覽 1934)

  고교　: →높은 다리

  고기밑에　[들] : 감천면 대맥3리(大麥三里)에 있는 들이다.

  고기 영어의 강변화 동사(古期 英語의 强變化 動詞) [論文] : 지보면 지보리 출신인 김우동(金友東, 1944- , 新羅大 敎授)의 논문으로, 신라대학교에서 1988년에 발행한 <논문집(論文集)> 26권 1호 5-32쪽(28쪽 분량)에 수록되어 있다. 목차는, 1) 서론, 2) 강변화 동사의 구분, 3) 결론이다. 소장된 대학 도서관은 서강대, 한국외대이다.(keris 2003)

  고기영어의 강변화동사(古期英語의 强變化動詞 =Strong Verbs in Old English) [學術저널] : 지보면 지보리 출신인 김우동(金友東, 1944- , 新羅大 敎授)의 논문으로, 신라대학교(新羅大學校 =Silla University Publication)에서 1988년에 발행한 <논문집(論文集 =Silla University Journal)> Vol.26 5-32쪽(28쪽 分量)에 수록되어 있다. 소장된 대학 도서관은 서원대, 연세대(중앙), 한국외대(중앙), 서강대(로욜라중앙)이다. [초록] : In the Germanic languages the verbs are divided into two great classes: Strong and Weak. The strong verbs form their preterite and past participle by means of ablaut. The weak verbs form their preterite by the addition of a syllable contain-ing a dental(-de,-te), and their past participle by means of a dental suffix(-d,-t). The strong verbs were originally further subdivided into reduplicated and non-reduplicated verbs. In Old English the reduplication almost entirely disappeared in the prehistoric period of the language. The non-reduplicated verbs are divided into six classes according to the six ablaut series and a seventh class consisting of originally reduplicated verbs is added to these. Besides these large classes there are two other kinds of verbs known as preterite-present verbs and anomalous verbs./ The strong verbs are characterized by ablaut or gradation of the radical vowel. Though ablaut is a feature of Indo-European, only in the Germanic branch was it used organically in a verbal system, functioning so in all the Germanic Languages.

  In accordance with the dases and ablauts used, the Old English strong verbs are divided into seven classes. In all of these the principal parts are the Infinitive, Preterite Singular, Preterite Plural, and Past participle. But the four principal parts of strong verbs in Old English are based upon the three verbal stems of Indo-European: the present stem, for continuing(durative) action; the aorist stem, for momentary(punctual) action; and the perfect stem, for action completed./ The development of the ablaut series from Class I to Class Ⅶ in Old English strong verbs is as follows:/ In Class I the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was i, ai, i, i. From these developed respectively in Old English the vowels of the four principal parts of this class: i, a, i, i. Most verbs of this class were regular but sound changes and other factors produced sub-classes by the time of historical early West Saxon. In Class Ⅱ the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was eu, au, u, u. From these developed respectively the vowels of the four principal parts of this class: ea, ea, u, o. A few verbs have u in the present instead of eo. Sound changes within the Prehistoric Old English period have produced four sub-classes in early West Saxon./ In Class Ⅱ the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was eu, au, u, u. From these developed respectively the vowels of the four principal parts of this class: eo, ea, u, o. A few verbs verbs have u in the present instead of eo. Sound changes within the Prehistoric Old English period have produced four sub-classes in early West Saxon./ In Class Ⅲ the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was e, a, u, u. From these developed respectively the vowels of the four principal parts of this class: e or I, ea or a, u, o or u. But various sound changes in Prehistoric Old English produced three distinct sub-classes as follows: (a) Verbs in nasal＋consonant have the ablaut series I, o(a), u, u, (b) Verbs in l(except lc)＋consonant have the ablaut series e, ea(a), u, o. (c) Verbs in lc, r or h＋consonant have the ablaut series eo, ea, u, o. A number of verbs historically of this class developed analogical weak forms alongside the regular strong ones./ In Class Ⅳ the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was e, a, æ, e; in early West Saxon these usually became e, æ, æ, e, but sound changes in Prehistoric Old English produced variants. Class Ⅴ verbs are also characterized by having the ablaut vowels followed by a single consonant (in contrast to Class Ⅳ verbs) other than l, r or a nasal./ In Class Ⅵ the Primitive Germanic series of ablaut vowels was a, o, o, a; these remained unchanged in early West Saxon, except when Prehistoric Old English sound changes produced variants./

  Class Ⅶ includes those verbs which originally had reduplicated preterites. Traces of the old reduplicated preterites have been preserved in Anglian and in poetry. Class Ⅶ is a mixed class including several kinds of stems, a variety of ablauts, and some reduplicative forms. These last were formed by prefixing to the stem a syllable composed of the first consonant of the stem＋e. Class Ⅶ verbs have two sub-classes, those with e and those with eo in the preterite, both singular and plural. The infinitive and the past participle have the same vowel. And the stem-syllable of all verbs belonging to this class is long./ The vowel changes in Class Ⅶ are of obscure origin, but those in Class Ⅰ～Ⅵ have arisen by gradation. In Class Ⅲ the stem ends with a group of two con-sonants; in Class Ⅳ it ends with a single liquid or nasal; in Class Ⅴ it ends with a single consonant other than a liquid or nasal. Class Ⅲ presents special difficulties because the stem vowels of most verbs are affected by one of several sound laws. Classes Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ have a number of weak presents./ The most common ending of the past participle of strong verbs was -en of which the usual origin was Germanic -an-. But a less common origin of Old English -en in the past participle was Germanic -an-. But a less common origin of Old English -en in the past participle was Germanic -in-. The past participle of strong verbs is found both with and without the prefix ge-. But the prefix ge- is avoided if the verb already has another prefix, as forboden 'forbidden'. Some verbs have the prefix ge- throughout their conjugation./ Breaking before h with subsequent loss of h between a diphthong and a vowel affects the infinitives of the contracted verbs of Classes I, V, and Ⅵ. The infinitives of contracted verbs of Class Ⅱ are affected by loss of h only. The contracted verbs of Class Ⅶ have a complicated phonology. Contracted verbs include the following verbs, arranged by ablaut-classes: Class I teon, peon, ureon, leon, seon; Class Ⅱ fleon, teon; Class Ⅴ gefeon, pleon, seon; Class Ⅵ flean, lean, slean, pwean; and the reduplicating fon, hon./ In conclusion, the ablaut series of Old English developed regularly from that of the Primitive Germanic, but various forms were produced in each of the casses of Old English strong verbs by the changes of radical vowel during the Primitive Old English period mainly through the influences of nasals, initial palatal conso-nants, a back vowel in the syllable immediately following, vowel contraction, breaking, i-umlaut, compensatory lengthening, Verner's Law, analogy, and so on. [목차] : Ⅰ. 서론/ Ⅱ. 강변화동사의 구분/ 1. 제1류(Class Ⅰ)/ 2. 제2류(Class Ⅱ)/ 3. 제3류(Class Ⅲ)/ 4. 제4류(Class Ⅳ)/ 5. 제5류(Class Ⅴ)/ 6. 제6류(Class Ⅵ)/ 7. 제7류(Class Ⅶ)/ Ⅲ. 결론/ Bibliograpby/ Summary(keris 2006)